Definitions and classifications used in the study of air pollution are introduced. In this case, use exhaust fans and nonozoneproducing air cleaners. Definition of outdoor air pollution outdoor air pollution. Indoor air quality iaq is the air quality within and around buildings and structures. Presence of any substance which has harmful effects on human or environmental health sources of pollution.
Reference guide for indoor air quality in schools creating. Choosing natural, lowtoxin options that have as little scent as possible is therefore important for air pollution prevention. This definition implicitly acknowledges that some substances that are considered to be air pollutants are present naturally. Household air pollution hap resulting from the use of solid fuels presents a major public health hazard. Mar 12, 20 indoor air quality is influenced by concentrations of outdoor air pollutants, indoor sources of pollution, characteristics of the building and the habits of the residents. Today, indoor air pollution caused by burning of traditional solid fuels such as woodfuel, agricultural residues, and dried animal dung in unvented cookstoves in rural areas of. Environmental protection agency epa studies of human exposure to air pollutants indicate that indoor levels of pollutants may be two to five times and occasionally more than 100. About 38% of the population in andhra pradesh relied on solid fuels for cooking in 201516. It is the presence of one or more contaminants indoor that carry a certain degree of health risks. Assessment and control of indoor air pollution, pp. Indoor air pollution is ubiquitous, and takes many forms, ranging from smoke emitted from solid fuel combustion, especially in households in developing countries, to complex mixtures of volatile. Who air quality guideline aqg value at or under which a pollutant is.
Also introduced are a brief history of air pollution. Because of this, outdoor air cannot enter as easily and dilute or clear away pollutants. Indoor air quality is influenced by concentrations of outdoor air pollutants, indoor sources of pollution, characteristics of the building and the habits of the residents. Health concerns like iaq benefit most from a holistic approach. Statistics suggest that in developing countries, health impacts of indoor air. Since most people spend more time indoors than out. National policies and challenges to reduce indoor air pollution in bangladesh. With the continual improvement in our quality of life, indoor air quality has become an important area of concern in the twentyfirst century. This activity demonstrates how visible and invisible pollutants can spread through the.
View indoor air pollution research papers on academia. This file is licensed under the creative commons attribution. Monitoring and modeling of indoor air pollution indoor. Indoor air pollution, health and economic wellbeing. Introduction although pollutant concentrations vary significantly from building to building, the levels of some common air pollutants often are greater indoors than outdoors. Outdoor air pollution from factories, vehicles, wildfires, and other sources how to improve indoor air quality open windows to let in fresh air. Tobacco smoke is one of the most significant indoor sources of air pollution. Environmental protection agency, office of air and radiation.
Report to congress on indoor air quality, volume ii. Air pollution occurs when harmful or excessive quantities of substances are introduced into earths atmosphere. Indoor air pollution and its effects on human health in. Published by the arab school for science and technology asst. Air plays a vital role not only in nature but also in the lives of human beings and all living organisms. Indoor air pollution is a concern in the developed countries, where energy efficiency improvements sometimes make houses relatively airtight, reducing. Outdoor air pollution from factories, vehicles, wildfires, and other sources how to improve indoor air quality. These sources can be further differentiated into either mobile or stationary sources 2. Jun 05, 2015 identify possible sources of indoor air pollution.
Reference guide for indoor air quality in schools us epa. About 27,000 people died from hap in andhra pradesh in 2016 according to gbd 2016. The changes were positively associated with pm 10 and pm 2. This file is licensed under the creative commons attributionnoncommercial 3. The use of biomass fuel as an energy source is the biggest contributor to poor indoor air quality.
Since most people spend more time indoors than outdoors, exposure to indoor air pollutants is an important environmental problem. Household air pollution hap predominantly from cooking fuel is a major public health hazard and one of the leading causes of respiratory illness and deaths among children underfive years in india. Pdf the effect of outdoor and indoor air pollution on human health. Sources of air pollution include gases such as ammonia, carbon monoxide, sulfur dioxide, nitrous oxides, methane and chlorofluorocarbons, particulates both organic and inorganic, and biological molecules. However, if you have asthma triggered by outdoor air pollution or pollen, opening windows might not be a good idea. Living organisms can survive without water for some time but cannot survive without air because when we breathe then we intake oxygen from air and releases carbon dioxide, if this procedure does not take. The burning of such fuels, particularly in poor households, results in air pollution that leads to respiratory diseases which can result in premature death. Epa studies indicate that the levels of many air pollutants may be two to five times higher in indoor air than outdoor air.
Indoor air pollution is the degradation of indoor air quality by harmful chemicals and other materials. An introduction to air pollution definitions, classifications, and history. More people are beginning to recognize the impact of indoor air quality iaq on personal health. Exposure to air pollutants is continuous and, usually, involuntary. For environmental health science students air pollution mengesha admassu, mamo wubeshet university of gondar in collaboration with the ethiopia public health training initiative, the carter center, the ethiopia ministry of health, and the ethiopia ministry of education august 2006. Household air pollution and underfive mortality in india. Jul 14, 2015 household air pollution hap resulting from the use of solid fuels presents a major public health hazard. Environmental protection agency epa studies of human exposure to air pollution indicate that indoor levels of pollutants may be 25 times, and occasionally more than 100 times, higher than outdoor levels. Indoor air pollution is a concern in the developed countries, where energy efficiency improvements sometimes make houses relatively airtight, reducing ventilation and raising pollutant levels. The resulting indoor air pollution iap is a major threat to health, particularly for women. Iaq is known to affect the health, comfort and wellbeing of building occupants. Sources of air pollution air pollutants consist of gaseous pollutants, odours, and spm, suspended particulate matter such as dust, fumes, mist, and smoke.
When we talk about air pollution, we often think of smog, chemicals produced by factories or exhaust from cars. Environmental protection agency epa ranks indoor air pollution as one of the top 5 threats to public health and notes that people living in industrial societies spend as much as 90% of their lives indoors. Aerosol effects on plants, as well as the air pollutants health effects of the most important pollutants have been discussed. This study investigates the association between hap from cooking fuel and underfive mortality using indias national family and health survey nfhs datasets over the period 19922006. Indoor air pollution by formaldehyde in european countries. Indoor air pollution is caused by burning solid fuel sources such as firewood, crop waste, and dung for cooking and heating. Environmental protection agency epa studies of human exposure to air pollution indicate that indoor levels of pollutants may be 25 times, and occa. Indoor air pollution is one of the worlds largest environmental problems particularly for the poorest in the world who often do not have access to clean fuels for cooking the global burden of disease is a major global study on the causes and risk factors for death and disease published in the medical journal the lancet. Indoor air pollution is when pollutants contaminate air indoors and is a very dangerous problem, claiming more than 2 million lives each year. Gas stoves or badly installed woodburning units with. Systematic information on stove interventions is limited. Indoor air pollution and its effects on human health in ilam district of eastern nepal, 2015 1 n e p a l h e a l t h r es e a r c h c o u n c i l e s td. Indoor air pollution may arise from the use of open fires, unsafe fuels or combustion of biomass fuels, coal and kerosene.
We conclude with a discussion on what is known regarding the effectiveness of popular strategies to combat indoor air pollution in developing countries. Driving in cars, flying in planes, engaging in recreational activities, and being exposed to environmental pollutants all pose varying degrees of risk. Sources and health impacts pollutants from natural sources pollutant major sources in the home possible health impacts radon colorless, tasteless, and odorless gas that comes from the radioactive decay of uranium or radium. But improving indoor air quality isnt just about keeping contaminants out of your indoor air, its also about maintaining a healthy air flow and getting toxins out when need be. Most people are aware that outdoor air pollution can impact their health, but indoor air pollution can also have significant and harmful health effects.
Studies revealed that the outdoor environment is also an important factor that. It may cause diseases, allergies and even death to humans. Indoor air pollution has been associated with a wide range of health. The amount of ventilation in a building is important when thinking about. The presence of one or more contaminants like dust, smoke, mist and odor in the atmosphere which are injurious to human beings, plants and animals. Roughly 6 times more than the food and drink consumed per day. Mobile sources mobile sources include onroad vehicles like cars, trucks, and buses. Below are descriptions of common household plants that can. Indoor air pollution and its effects on human health in ilam. National policies and challenges to reduce indoor air. Most of us spend much of our lives inside buildings. Environmental protection agency sets and enforces air quality standards only for ambient air.
Improved stoves have been offered as a potential tool to reduce exposure to hap and improve health outcomes. Gas stoves or badly installed woodburning units with poor ventilation and maintenance can increase the indoor levels of carbon monoxide, nitrogen dioxide and particles. The resulting indoor air pollution iap is a major threat to health, particularly for women and young children, who may spend many hours close to the fire. Man made activities thermal power plants, agricultural activities. Chronic exposure to urban air pollution affects lung function, increases the risk of cvd and lung cancer, alters immunity, induces dna and. Continuous monitoring is a technique for sampling and measuring the realtime concentration of pollutants. In some cases, indoor air pollutants may even be 100 times higher than outdoors.
An emissions inventory is an accounting of the amount of pollution discharged into an airshed from different sources. Join our community just now to flow with the file air pollution and make our shared file collection even more complete and exciting. Today, indoor air pollution caused by burning of traditional solid fuels such as woodfuel, agricultural residues, and dried animal dung in unvented cookstoves in rural areas of developing countries is not much different. Next, we discuss the available evidence on the relationship between air pollution and health, and between respiratory health and productivity. The largest sources of humancreated air pollution are energy generation, transportation. Indoor air quality is affected by many factors including the type and running conditions of indoor pollution sources, ventilation conditions, as well as indoor activities. Indoor air pollution can pose a serious health threat. Natural pollution volcanic eruptions, forest fires, biological decay. Indoor air pollution, health and economic wellbeing mit economics. It refers to the physical, chemical, and biological characteristics of air in the indoor environment within a home, building, or an institution or commercial facility. This is because contained areas enable potential pollutants to build up more than open spaces. Air pollution is defined as the emission of particulate toxic elements into the atmosphere by natural or anthropogenic sources 1. The concentration of these in and near the urban areas causes severe pollution to the surroundings.
Poor indoor air quality has been linked to sick building syndrome, reduced productivity and impaired learning in schools. These are problems that usually affect the air outdoors, but there can be indoor pollution, too. Indoor air pollution has a significant impact on the health of the population in pakistan. They also include offroad vehicles such as ships, airplanes, and equipment used in agriculture. Guideline for the characterization of volatile organic compounds emitted from indoor. Indoor air pollution has occurred since prehistoric times when people moved to live indoors and fire was brought into closed shelters for cooking and space heating 1. Statistical analysis of indoor air pollution 191 introduction all of us face a variety of risks to our health as we go about our daytoday lives.
People involved in buying, improving and building homes are more interested in the tangibles like location, style and finishes. Developing indoor air quality guidelines 2 setting indoor air quality guidelines 4 preparation of the guidelines 7 combined exposures 9 use of the indoor air quality guidelines in protecting public health 11 references 1. Air pollution and its effects on health case studies, india. Anthropogenic air pollution commenced with humans systematic use of fire. Indoor air pollution refers to the pollution of the air inside the houses or the living spaces. The subsaharan africa is among the regions in the world that have been highly affected by indoor air pollution. Indoor air quality is subject to both temporal and spatial variations, and data on these variations would be needed to determine the concentrations to which occupants are exposed or to model indoor air pollution. Benzene 15 general description 15 indoor sources 15 pathways of exposure 17 indoor concentrations 18. Furthermore, the reliance on solid fuels and inefficient stoves has other, farreaching consequences for health, the environment, and. Improved stove interventions to reduce household air. A comparative study of indoor air pollution and its. Pdf causes, consequences and control of air pollution. Houseplants that remove toxins from the home the u.
In sum, indoor air pollution has the potential to not only impact health, but also impact the general economic wellbeing of the household. Poor indoor air quality has been linked to sick building syndrome, reduced productivity and impaired learning in schools iaq can be affected by gases including carbon monoxide, radon, volatile organic compounds, particulates. Air pollution is the introduction into the atmosphere of chemicals, particulates, or biological materials that cause discomfort, disease, or death to humans, damage other living organisms such as. Jan 06, 2017 when we talk about air pollution, we often think of smog, chemicals produced by factories or exhaust from cars. Air pollution ppt and pdf for free download study mafia.
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